What process involves the breakdown of larger, more complex molecules to produce energy?

The process that involves the breakdown of larger, more complex molecules to produce energy is catabolism. This biological process is essential for metabolism, as it helps convert stored energy in complex molecules, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into simpler molecules that release energy. Catabolic reactions are exergonic, meaning they release energy, which cells can harness for various functions, including muscle contraction and biosynthesis.

In contrast, anabolism refers to the building of complex molecules from simpler ones, an energy-consuming process. Hydrolysis involves the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water but does not specifically denote the breakdown of larger molecules for energy production. Cell division pertains to the process by which a parent cell divides to form daughter cells and does not directly involve the metabolic breakdown of molecules for energy purposes.